1. Rage jiki
A degreasing ne don cire man shafawa daga workpiece surface da kuma canja wurin maiko a cikin mai narkewa abubuwa ko emulsify da tarwatsa man shafawa ya zama ko'ina da stably a cikin wanka ruwa bisa saponification, solubilization, wetting, watsawa da emulsification effects a kan daban-daban na maiko daga degreasing. wakilai.A kimantawa sharudda na degreasing quality ne: surface na workpiece kamata ba gani maiko, emulsion ko wasu datti bayan degreasing, da kuma surface ya kamata a gaba daya wetted da ruwa bayan wanka.Ingancin ragewa ya dogara da dalilai biyar, gami da alkalinity kyauta, zazzabi na maganin ragewa, lokacin sarrafawa, aikin injin, da abun ciki na mai na maganin ragewa.
1.1 Free alkalinity (FAL)
Sai kawai mai dacewa mai dacewa na wakili mai lalata zai iya cimma sakamako mafi kyau.Ya kamata a gano alkalinity na kyauta (FAL) na maganin ragewa.Ƙananan FAL zai rage tasirin cire mai, kuma babban FAL zai ƙara yawan farashin kayan aiki, ƙara nauyi akan wankewar bayan jiyya, har ma da gurɓata yanayin kunnawa da phosphating.
1.2 Zazzabi na maganin ragewa
Ya kamata a yi amfani da kowane nau'in maganin ragewa a mafi yawan zafin jiki.Idan zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da abubuwan da ake buƙata na tsari, maganin ragewa ba zai iya ba da cikakken wasa don ragewa ba;idan yawan zafin jiki ya yi yawa, za a ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi, kuma za a sami sakamako mara kyau, don haka wakili na degreasing yana ƙafe da sauri da saurin bushewa da sauri, wanda zai haifar da tsatsa, alkali spots da hadawan abu da iskar shaka, shafi ingancin phosphating na gaba tsari. .Hakanan ya kamata a daidaita sarrafa zafin jiki ta atomatik akai-akai.
1.3 Lokacin aiwatarwa
Maganin ragewa dole ne ya kasance a cikin cikakken lamba tare da man fetur a kan workpiece don isasshen lamba da lokacin amsawa, don cimma sakamako mafi kyau.Koyaya, idan lokacin ragewa ya yi tsayi da yawa, za a ƙara dullness na farfajiyar aikin.
1.4 Aikin injiniya
Pump wurare dabam dabam ko workpiece motsi a cikin degreasing tsari, supplemented da inji mataki, na iya ƙarfafa man cire yadda ya dace da kuma rage lokacin tsoma da tsaftacewa;gudun feshin rage ɓacin rai ya fi sau 10 sauri fiye da na tsomawa.
1.5 Oil abun ciki na degreasing bayani
Yin amfani da ruwan wanka da aka sake yin amfani da shi zai ci gaba da ƙara yawan mai a cikin ruwan wanka, kuma lokacin da abun cikin mai ya kai ga wani rabo, tasirin ragewa da tsaftacewa na wakili mai lalata zai ragu sosai.Ba za a inganta tsaftar yanayin aikin da aka bi da shi ba ko da an kiyaye babban taro na maganin tanki ta hanyar ƙara sinadarai.Dole ne a maye gurbin ruwa mai raguwa wanda ya tsufa kuma ya lalace don dukan tanki.
2. Acid pickling
Tsatsa yana faruwa a saman karfen da ake amfani da shi don kera samfur lokacin da aka yi birgima ko adana shi da jigilar shi.Tsatsa Layer tare da sako-sako da tsarin kuma ba za a iya da tabbaci a haɗe zuwa tushe abu.Oxide da ƙarfe na ƙarfe na iya samar da tantanin halitta na farko, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka lalata ƙarfe kuma yana haifar da lalacewa da sauri.Saboda haka, dole ne a tsaftace tsatsa kafin zanen.Ana cire tsatsa sau da yawa ta hanyar tsinken acid.Tare da saurin kawar da tsatsa da sauri da ƙarancin farashi, ɗaukar acid ɗin ba zai lalata kayan aikin ƙarfe ba kuma yana iya cire tsatsa a kowane kusurwa.Ya kamata pickling ya dace da buƙatun ingancin cewa bai kamata a sami iskar oxide da ake iya gani ba, tsatsa da ƙari akan kayan aikin pickled.Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin tsatsa sun fi yawa kamar haka.
2.1 Free acidity (FA)
Auna ma'aunin acidity na kyauta (FA) na tanki mai tsini shine hanya mafi kai tsaye kuma mafi inganci hanyar kimantawa don tabbatar da tasirin cire tsatsa na tanki mai tsini.Idan acidity na kyauta ya yi ƙasa, tasirin cire tsatsa ba shi da kyau.Lokacin da acidity na kyauta ya yi yawa, abun ciki na acid a cikin yanayin aiki yana da girma, wanda ba shi da amfani ga kariyar aiki;Ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana da haɗari ga "over-etching";kuma yana da wahala a tsaftace ragowar acid, wanda ke haifar da gurbatar maganin tanki na gaba.
2.2 Zazzabi da lokaci
Yawancin pickling ana gudanar da su ne a cikin zafin jiki, kuma za a yi pickling mai zafi daga 40 ℃ zuwa 70 ℃.Ko da yake yanayin zafi yana da tasiri mafi girma akan haɓaka ƙarfin pickling, yawan zafin jiki da yawa zai ƙara lalata kayan aiki da kayan aiki kuma yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan yanayin aiki.Lokacin tsinko ya kamata ya zama ɗan gajeren lokacin da aka cire tsatsa gaba ɗaya.
2.3 Gurbacewa da tsufa
A cikin tsarin cire tsatsa, maganin acid zai ci gaba da kawo man fetur ko wasu ƙazanta, kuma ana iya cire ƙazanta da aka dakatar ta hanyar gogewa.Lokacin da ions baƙin ƙarfe mai narkewa ya wuce wani abun ciki, za a rage tasirin cire tsatsa na maganin tanki sosai, kuma za a gauraya ions baƙin ƙarfe da yawa a cikin tankin phosphate tare da ragowar ƙasan workpiece, yana haɓaka gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa da tsufa na maganin phosphate, da tsanani tasiri da phosphating ingancin workpiece.
3. Surface kunnawa
Surface kunnawa wakili iya kawar da evenness na workpiece surface saboda man kau da alkali ko tsatsa kau da pickling, sabõda haka, babban adadin sosai lafiya crystalline cibiyoyin an kafa a kan karfe surface, haka accelerating gudun phosphate dauki da kuma inganta samuwar. na phosphate coatings.
3.1 ingancin ruwa
Tsatsa mai tsanani na ruwa ko babban taro na alli da magnesium ion a cikin maganin tanki zai shafi kwanciyar hankali na maganin kunnawa.Za'a iya ƙara masu laushi na ruwa lokacin shirya maganin tanki don kawar da tasirin ingancin ruwa akan bayani mai kunnawa saman.
3.2 Yi amfani da lokaci
Ana yin wakili mai kunna saman saman da gishiri colloidal titanium wanda ke da aikin colloidal.Ayyukan colloidal zai ɓace bayan an yi amfani da wakili na dogon lokaci ko ions na ƙazanta sun karu, wanda ya haifar da lalatawa da kuma shimfiɗa ruwan wanka.Don haka dole ne a canza ruwan wanka.
4. Fosfat
Phosphating shine tsarin amsawa na sinadarai da electrochemical don samar da murfin sinadarai na phosphate, wanda kuma aka sani da murfin phosphate.Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na zinc phosphating ana amfani da shi sosai a zanen bas.Babban dalilai na phosphating shine don samar da kariya ga ƙarfe mai tushe, hana ƙarfe daga lalata zuwa wani matsayi, da kuma inganta iyawar mannewa da kariya daga lalata fim ɗin fenti.Phosphating shine mafi mahimmancin sashi na gabaɗayan tsarin pretreatment, kuma yana da rikitarwa tsarin amsawa da abubuwa da yawa, don haka ya fi rikitarwa sarrafa tsarin samar da ruwan wanka na phosphate fiye da sauran ruwan wanka.
4.1 Acid rabo (rabo na jimlar acidity zuwa free acidity)
Ƙara yawan adadin acid zai iya hanzarta yawan amsawar phosphating da yin phosphatingshafibakin ciki.Amma ma high acid rabo zai sa shafi Layer ma bakin ciki, wanda zai haifar da ash to phosphating workpiece;low acid rabo zai rage phosphating dauki gudun, rage lalata juriya, da kuma yin phosphating crystal juya m da porous, don haka haifar da rawaya tsatsa a kan phosphating workpiece.
4.2 Zazzabi
Idan an ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ruwan wanka yadda ya kamata, ana ƙara saurin samar da sutura.Amma yawan zafin jiki da yawa zai shafi canjin yanayin acid da kwanciyar hankali na ruwan wanka, kuma yana ƙara yawan ƙwanƙwasa daga ruwan wanka.
4.3 Adadin laka
Tare da ci gaba da phosphate dauki, adadin laka a cikin ruwan wanka za a hankali ya karu, da wuce haddi laka zai shafi workpiece surface dubawa dauki, sakamakon a blurred phosphate shafi.Don haka dole ne a zubar da ruwan wanka bisa ga adadin aikin da aka sarrafa da kuma amfani da lokaci.
4.4 Nitrite NO-2 (haɗuwar wakili mai haɓakawa)
NO-2 na iya hanzarta saurin amsawar phosphate, inganta yawan juriya da juriya na shafi phosphate.Maɗaukakin NO-2 mai girma zai sa Layer shafi mai sauƙi don samar da fararen aibobi, kuma ƙananan abun ciki zai rage saurin samuwar shafi kuma ya haifar da tsatsawar rawaya akan murfin phosphate.
4.5 Sulfate m SO2-4
Too high taro na pickling bayani ko matalauta wankin iko iya ƙara sulfate radical a cikin phosphate bath ruwa, kuma ma high sulfate ion zai rage gudu da phosphate dauki gudun, sakamakon a m da porous phosphate shafi crystal, da kuma rage lalata juriya.
4.6 Ferrous ion Fe2+
Yawan ferrous ion abun ciki a cikin phosphate bayani zai rage lalata juriya na phosphate shafi a dakin da zazzabi, sa phosphate shafi crystal m a matsakaici zafin jiki, ƙara laka na phosphate bayani a high zafin jiki, sa bayani m, da kuma ƙara free acidity.
5. Deactivation
Makasudin kashewa shine don rufe pores na shafi na phosphate, inganta juriya na lalata, kuma musamman inganta haɓakar mannewa da juriya na lalata.A halin yanzu, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na kashewa, watau, chromium da chromium-free.Koyaya, ana amfani da gishirin inorganic na alkaline don kashewa kuma yawancin gishirin ya ƙunshi phosphate, carbonate, nitrite da phosphate, waɗanda zasu iya lalata dogon lokacin mannewa da juriya na lalata.sutura.
6. Wankan ruwa
Manufar wanke ruwa shi ne don cire ragowar ruwa a kan workpiece surface daga baya wanka ruwa, da kuma ingancin ruwan wanka kai tsaye rinjayar phosphating ingancin workpiece da kwanciyar hankali na wanka ruwa.Ya kamata a sarrafa abubuwa masu zuwa yayin wanke ruwa na ruwan wanka.
6.1 Abubuwan da ke cikin ragowar sludge bai kamata ya yi girma ba.Maɗaukakin abun ciki ya yi yawa yana haifar da toka akan farfajiyar aikin.
6.2 Ya kamata saman ruwan wanka ya zama mara ƙazanta da aka dakatar.Ana amfani da wankin ruwan sama da yawa don tabbatar da cewa babu wani dakatar da mai ko wasu ƙazanta a saman ruwan wanka.
6.3 ƙimar pH na ruwan wanka yakamata ya kasance kusa da tsaka tsaki.Maɗaukaki ko ƙananan ƙimar pH zai iya haifar da jigilar ruwan wanka cikin sauƙi, don haka yana shafar kwanciyar hankali na ruwan wanka na gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-23-2022